\input{../include.tex} \begin{document} \title{GCSE Latin Grammar} \date{2008} \maketitle \tableofcontents \section{Nouns} \begin{tabular}{|ll||l|l|l|l|l|} \hline & & 1\sss{st} Decl. & 2\sss{nd} Decl. & 3\sss{rd} Decl. & 4\sss{th} Decl. & 5\sss{th} Decl. \\ \hline \hline \emph{sg} & \emph{nom} & puell--a & domin--us* & rex & man--us & di--es \\ & \emph{acc} & puell--am & domin--um & reg--em** & man--um & di--em \\ & \emph{gen} & puell--ae & domin--i & reg--is & man--us & di--ei \\ & \emph{dat} & puell--ae & domin--o & reg--i & man--ui & di--ei \\ & \emph{abl} & puell--a & domin--o & reg--e & man--u & di--e \\ & & & & & & \\ \emph{pl} & \emph{nom} & puell--ae & domin--i & reg--es & man--us & di--es \\ & \emph{acc} & puell--as & domin--os & reg--es & man--us & di--es \\ & \emph{gen} & puell--arum & domin--orum & reg--um*** & man--uum & di--erum \\ & \emph{dat} & puell--is & domin--is & reg--ibus & man--ibus & di--ebus \\ & \emph{abl} & puell--is & domin--is & reg--ibus & man--ibus & di--ebus \\ \hline \end{tabular} \begin{description} \item[*]\emph{voc} \hskip 1pt \textsf{domin--e} \item[**]\emph{acc} is the same as \emph{nom} for 3\sss{rd} decl. nouns. \item[***]This ending is \textsf{--ium} for nouns like \textsf{navis} (goes to \textsf{nav--}). \end{description} \subsection{Neuter Nouns} 2\sss{nd} \& 3\sss{rd} declension nouns can have neuter forms: \\ \vskip 2pt \begin{tabular}{|ll||l|l|} \hline & & 2\sss{nd} Decl. \emph{n} & 3\sss{rd} Decl. \emph{n} \\ \hline \hline \emph{sg} & \emph{nom} & domin--um & rex \\ & \emph{acc} & domin--um & reg--em \\ & \emph{gen} & domin--i & reg--is \\ & \emph{dat} & domin--o & reg--i \\ & \emph{abl} & domin--o & reg--e \\ & & & \\ \emph{pl} & \emph{nom} & domin--a & reg--a \\ & \emph{acc} & domin--a & reg--a \\ & \emph{gen} & domin--orum & reg--um \\ & \emph{dat} & domin--is & reg--ibus \\ & \emph{abl} & domin--is & reg--ibus \\ \hline \end{tabular} \section{Adjectives} \subsection{1\sss{st} \& 2\sss{nd} Declensions} \begin{tabular}{|ll||l|l|l|} \hline & & \emph{m} & \emph{f} & \emph{n} \\ \hline \hline \emph{sg} & \emph{nom} & bon--us & bon--a & bon--um \\ & \emph{acc} & bon--um & bon--am & bon--um \\ & \emph{gen} & bon--i & bon--ae & bon--i \\ & \emph{dat} & bon--o & bon--ae & bon--o \\ & \emph{abl} & bon--o & bon-a & bon--o \\ & & & & \\ \emph{pl} & \emph{nom} & bon--i & bon--ae & bon--a \\ & \emph{acc} & bon--os & bon--as & bon--a \\ & \emph{gen} & bon--orum & bon--arum & bon--orum \\ & \emph{dat} & bon--is & bon--is & bon--is \\ & \emph{abl} & bon--is & bon--is & bon--is \\ \hline \end{tabular} \subsection{3\sss{rd} Declension} \begin{tabular}{|ll||l|l|l|} \hline & & \emph{m/f} & \emph{n} \\ \hline \hline \emph{sg} & \emph{nom} & fort--is* & fort--e* \\ & \emph{acc} & fort--em & fort--e* \\ & \emph{gen} & fort--is & fort--is \\ & \emph{dat} & fort--i & fort--i \\ & \emph{abl} & fort--i & fort--i \\ & & & \\ \emph{pl} & \emph{nom} & fort--es & fort--ia \\ & \emph{acc} & fort--es & fort--ia \\ & \emph{gen} & fort--ium & fort--ium \\ & \emph{dat} & fort--ibus & fort--ibus \\ & \emph{abl} & fort--ibus & fort--ibus \\ \hline \end{tabular} \begin{description} \item[*]For \textsf{ingens}-like adjectives, these cases have no ending i.e.\ \textsf{ingens} stays as \textsf{ingens} (it goes to \textsf{ingent--} for other cases). \end{description} \subsection{Comparatives} \begin{tabular}{|ll||l|l|l|} \hline & & \emph{m/f} & \emph{n} \\ \hline \hline \emph{sg} & \emph{nom} & longior & longius \\ & \emph{acc} & longior--em & longius \\ & \emph{gen} & longior-is & longior--is \\ & \emph{dat} & longior--i & longior--i \\ & \emph{abl} & longior--e & longior--e \\ & & & \\ \emph{pl} & \emph{nom} & longior--es & longior--a \\ & \emph{acc} & longior--es & longior--a \\ & \emph{gen} & longior--um & longior--um \\ & \emph{dat} & longior--ibus & longior--ibus \\ & \emph{abl} & longior--ibus & longior--ibus \\ \hline \end{tabular} \subsection{Superlatives} \begin{tabular}{|ll||l|l|l|} \hline & & \emph{m} & \emph{f} & \emph{n} \\ \hline \hline \emph{sg} & \emph{nom} & longissim--us & longissim--a & longissim--um \\ & \emph{acc} & longissim--um & longissim--am & longissim--um \\ & \emph{gen} & longissim--i & longissim--ae & longissim--i \\ & \emph{dat} & longissim--o & longissim--ae & longissim--o \\ & \emph{abl} & longissim--o & longissim--a & longissim--o \\ & & & & \\ \emph{pl} & \emph{nom} & longissim--i & longissim--ae & longissim--i \\ & \emph{acc} & longissim--os & longissim--as & longissim--os \\ & \emph{gen} & longissim--orum & longissim--arum & longissim--orum \\ & \emph{dat} & longissim--is & longissim--is & longissim--is \\ & \emph{abl} & longissim--is & longissim--is & longissim--is \\ \hline \end{tabular} \subsection{Irregular Comparatives and Superlatives} \begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|} \hline Ordinary form & Comparative & Superlative \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{--er $\longrightarrow$ --errimus} \\ \hline miser & miserior & miserrimus \\ pulcher & pulchrior & pulcherrimus \\ celer & celerior & celerrimus \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{--ilis $\longrightarrow$ --illimus} \\ \hline facilis & facilior & facillimus \\ difficilis & difficillimus & difficillimus \\ similis & similior & simillimus \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{\emph{extremely irregular forms}} \\ \hline bonus & melior & optimus \\ malus & peior & pessimus \\ magnus & maior & maximus \\ parvus & minor & minimus \\ multus & plus & plurimus \\ multi & plures & plurimi \\ \hline \end{tabular} \section{Adverbs} \begin{tabular}{|l|l|} \hline Adjective & Adverb \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{\emph{1\sss{st} \& 2\sss{nd} declension adjectives}} \\ \hline laet--us & laet--e \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{\emph{3\sss{rd} declension adjectives}} \\ \hline brev--is & brev--iter \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{\emph{irregular forms}} \\ \hline audax (audac--) & audac--ter \\ facil--is & facil--e \\ difficil--is & difficil--e \\ \hline \end{tabular} \subsection{Comparatives \& Superlatives} \begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|} \hline Ordinary form & Comparative & Superlative \\ \hline \hline laet--e & lae--tius & laet--issime \\ \hline \end{tabular} \section{Pronouns} \subsection{Personal Pronouns} \subsubsection{1\sss{st} \& 2\sss{nd} Persons} \begin{tabular}{|ll||l|l|l|l|l|} \hline & & 1\sss{st} Person & 2\sss{nd} Person & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{3\sss{rd} Person} \\ \cline{3-7} & & \emph{m/f/n} & \emph{m/f/n} & \emph{m} & \emph{f} & \emph{n} \\ \hline \hline \emph{sg} & \emph{nom} & ego & tu & is & ea & id \\ & \emph{acc} & me & te & eum & eam & id \\ & \emph{gen} & mei & tui & eius & eius & eius \\ & \emph{dat} & mihi & tibi & ei & ei & ei \\ & \emph{abl} & me & te & eo & ea & eo \\ & & & & & & \\ \emph{pl} & \emph{nom} & nos & vos & ei & eae & ea \\ & \emph{acc} & nos & vos & eos & eas & ea \\ & \emph{gen} & nostrum & vestrum & eorum & earum & eorum \\ & \emph{dat} & nobis & vobis & eis & eis & eis \\ & \emph{abl} & nobis & vobis & eis & eis & eis \\ \hline \end{tabular} \vskip 4pt \subsubsection{3\sss{rd} Person Reflexive Pronoun} \begin{tabular}{|l|l|} \hline \emph{sg \& pl} & \\ \hline & (no \emph{nom}) \\ \emph{acc} & se \\ \emph{gen} & sui \\ \emph{dat} & sibi \\ \emph{abl} & se \\ \hline \end{tabular} \subsection{Possessive Pronouns} \begin{tabular}{|ll||l|l|l|l|l|l|} \hline & & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{1\sss{st} Person} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{2\sss{nd} Person} \\ \hline & & \emph{m} & \emph{f} & \emph{n} & \emph{m} & \emph{f} & \emph{n} \\ \hline \hline \emph{sg} & \emph{nom} & meus & mea & meum & tuus & tua & tuum \\ & \emph{acc} & meum & meam & meum & tuum & tuam & tuum \\ & & & & & & & \\ \emph{pl} & \emph{nom} & noster & nostra & nostrum & vester & vestra & vestrum \\ & \emph{acc} & nostrum & nostram & nostrum & vestrum & vestram & vestrum \\ \hline \end{tabular} \subsubsection{3\sss{rd} Person Reflexive Pronoun} \begin{tabular}{|ll||l|l|l|} \hline & & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{3\sss{rd} Person Reflexive*} \\ \hline & & \emph{m} & \emph{f} & \emph{n} \\ \hline \hline \emph{sg} & \emph{nom} & suus & sua & suum \\ & \emph{acc} & suum & suam & suum \\ & \emph{gen} & sui & suae & sui \\ & \emph{dat} & suo & suae & suo \\ & \emph{abl} & suo & sua & suo \\ & & & & \\ \emph{pl} & \emph{nom} & sui & suae & sua \\ & \emph{acc} & suos & suas & sua \\ & \emph{gen} & suorum & suarum & suorum \\ & \emph{dat} & suis & suis & suis \\ & \emph{abl} & suis & suis & suis \\ \hline \end{tabular} \begin{description} \item[*]Can only be used in a reflexive sense (i.e.\ referring to the subject of the sentence). Use the genitive of the pronoun \textsf{is, ea, id} if the context is not reflexive. This is also a regular 1\sss{st}/2\sss{nd} decl. adjective. \end{description} \subsection{Demonstrative Pronouns} \subsubsection{This} \begin{tabular}{|ll||l|l|l|} \hline & & \emph{m} & \emph{f} & \emph{n} \\ \hline \hline \emph{sg} & \emph{nom} & hic & haec & hoc \\ & \emph{acc} & hunc & hanc & hoc \\ & \emph{gen} & huius & huius & huius \\ & \emph{dat} & huic & huic & huic \\ & \emph{abl} & hoc & hac & hoc \\ & & & & \\ \emph{pl} & \emph{nom} & hi & hae & haec \\ & \emph{acc} & hos & has & haec \\ & \emph{gen} & horum & harum & horum \\ & \emph{dat} & his & his & his \\ & \emph{abl} & his & his & his \\ \hline \end{tabular} \subsubsection{That} \begin{tabular}{|ll||l|l|l|} \hline & & \emph{m} & \emph{f} & \emph{n} \\ \hline \hline \emph{sg} & \emph{nom} & ille & illa & illud \\ & \emph{acc} & illum & illam & illud \\ & \emph{gen} & illius & illius & illius \\ & \emph{dat} & illi & illi & illi \\ & \emph{abl} & illo & illa & illo \\ & & & & \\ \emph{pl} & \emph{nom} & illi & illae & illa \\ & \emph{acc} & illos & illas & illa \\ & \emph{gen} & illorum & illarum & illorum \\ & \emph{dat} & illis & illis & illis \\ & \emph{abl} & illis & illis & illis \\ \hline \end{tabular} \subsubsection{The Same} \begin{tabular}{|ll||l|l|l|} \hline & & \emph{m} & \emph{f} & \emph{n} \\ \hline \hline \emph{sg} & \emph{nom} & idem & eadem & idem \\ & \emph{acc} & eundem & eandem & idem \\ & \emph{gen} & eiusdem & eiusdem & eiusdem \\ & \emph{dat} & eidem & eidem & eidem \\ & \emph{abl} & eodem & eadem & eodem \\ & & & & \\ \emph{pl} & \emph{nom} & eidem & eaedem & eadem \\ & \emph{acc} & eosdem & easdem & eadem \\ & \emph{gen} & eorundem & earundem & eorundem \\ & \emph{dat} & eisdem & eisdem & eisdem \\ & \emph{abl} & eisdem & eisdem & eisdem \\ \hline \end{tabular} \subsection{Emphatic Pronoun} \begin{tabular}{|ll||l|l|l|} \hline & & \emph{m} & \emph{f} & \emph{n} \\ \hline \hline \emph{sg} & \emph{nom} & ipse & ipsa & ipsum \\ & \emph{acc} & ipsum & ipsam & ipsum \\ & \emph{gen} & ipsius & ipsius & ipsius \\ & \emph{dat} & ipsi & ipsi & ipsi \\ & \emph{abl} & ipso & ipsa & ipso \\ & & & & \\ \emph{pl} & \emph{nom} & ipsi & ipsae & ipsa \\ & \emph{acc} & ipsos & ipsas & ipsa \\ & \emph{gen} & ipsorum & ipsarum & ipsorum \\ & \emph{dat} & ipsis & ipsis & ipsis \\ & \emph{abl} & ipsis & ipsis & ipsis \\ \hline \end{tabular} \subsection{Relative Pronoun} \begin{tabular}{|ll||l|l|l|} \hline & & \emph{m} & \emph{f} & \emph{n} \\ \hline \hline \emph{sg} & \emph{nom} & qui & quae & quod \\ & \emph{acc} & quem & quam & quod \\ & \emph{gen} & cuius & cuius & cuius \\ & \emph{dat} & cui & cui & cui \\ & \emph{abl} & quo & qua & quo \\ & & & & \\ \emph{pl} & \emph{nom} & qui & quae & quae \\ & \emph{acc} & quos & quas & quae \\ & \emph{gen} & quorum & quarum & quorum \\ & \emph{dat} & quibus & quibus & quibus \\ & \emph{abl} & quibus & quibus & quibus \\ \hline \end{tabular} \subsection{Interrogative Pronoun} \begin{tabular}{|ll||l|l|l|} \hline & & \emph{m} & \emph{f} & \emph{n} \\ \hline \hline \emph{sg} & \emph{nom} & quis & quis & quid \\ & \emph{acc} & quem & quam & quid \\ \hline \end{tabular} \subsection{Indefinite Pronouns} \subsubsection{A Certain} \begin{tabular}{|ll||l|l|l|} \hline & & \emph{m} & \emph{f} & \emph{n} \\ \hline \hline \emph{sg} & \emph{nom} & quidam & quaedam & quoddam \\ & \emph{acc} & quemdam & quamdam & quoddam \\ & \emph{gen} & cuiusdam & cuiusdam & cuiusdam \\ & \emph{dat} & cuidam & cuidam & cuidam \\ & \emph{abl} & quodam & quadam & quodam \\ & & & & \\ \emph{pl} & \emph{nom} & quidam & quaedam & quaedam \\ & \emph{acc} & quosdam & quasdam & quaedam \\ & \emph{gen} & quorundam & quarundam & quorundam \\ & \emph{dat} & quibusdam & quibusdam & quibusdam \\ & \emph{abl} & quibusdam & quibusdam & quibusdam \\ \hline \end{tabular} \subsubsection{Someone/Something} \begin{tabular}{|ll||l|l|l|} \hline & & \emph{m} & \emph{f} & \emph{n} \\ \hline \hline \emph{sg} & \emph{nom} & aliqui & aliquae & aliquod \\ & \emph{acc} & aliquem & aliquam & aliquod \\ & \emph{gen} & alicuius & alicuius & alicuius \\ & \emph{dat} & alicui & alicui & alicui \\ & \emph{abl} & aliquo & aliqua & aliquo \\ & & & & \\ \emph{pl} & \emph{nom} & aliqui & aliquae & aliquae \\ & \emph{acc} & aliquos & aliquas & aliquae \\ & \emph{gen} & aliquorum & aliquarum & aliquorum \\ & \emph{dat} & aliquibus & aliquibus & aliquibus \\ & \emph{abl} & aliquibus & aliquibus & aliquibus \\ \hline \end{tabular} \subsubsection{Other/Another} \begin{tabular}{|ll||l|l|l|} \hline & & \emph{m} & \emph{f} & \emph{n} \\ \hline \hline \emph{sg} & \emph{nom} & alter & altera & alterum \\ & \emph{acc} & alterum & alteram & alterum \\ & \emph{gen} & alterius & alterius & alterius \\ & \emph{dat} & alteri & alteri & alteri \\ & \emph{abl} & altero & altera & altero \\ & & & & \\ \emph{pl} & \emph{nom} & alteri & alterae & altera \\ & \emph{acc} & alteros & alteras & altera \\ & \emph{gen} & alterorum & alterarum & alterorum \\ & \emph{dat} & alteris & alteris & alteris \\ & \emph{abl} & alteris & alteris & alteris \\ \hline \end{tabular} \subsubsection{The Rest/The Others} \begin{tabular}{|ll||l|l|l|} \hline & & \emph{m} & \emph{f} & \emph{n} \\ \hline \hline \emph{pl} & \emph{nom} & ceteri & ceterae & cetera \\ & \emph{acc} & ceteros & ceteras & cetera \\ & \emph{gen} & ceterorum & ceterarum & ceterorum \\ & \emph{dat} & ceteris & ceteris & ceteris \\ & \emph{abl} & ceteris & ceteris & ceteris \\ \hline \end{tabular} \subsubsection{Nothing} \begin{tabular}{|ll||l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|} \hline & & \emph{m/f} & \emph{n} \\ \hline \hline \emph{pl} & \emph{nom} & nemo & nihil \\ & \emph{acc} & neminem & (indecl.) \\ & \emph{gen} & nullius & \\ & \emph{dat} & nemini & \\ & \emph{abl} & nullo & \\ \hline \end{tabular} \paragraph{Similarly:} \begin{itemize} \item \textsf{alius} \item \textsf{ullus} \item \textsf{nullus} \item \textsf{solus} \item \textsf{totus} \item \textsf{unus} \end{itemize} \section{Verbs} \small \begin{sidewaystable} \centering \begin{tabular}{r|ll||l|l|l|l||l|l|l|l|} \cline{2-11} & & & \multicolumn{4}{c||}{\emph{active}} & \multicolumn{4}{c|}{\emph{passive}} \\ \cline{2-11} & \multicolumn{2}{l||}{\emph{conj.}} & 1\sss{st} & 2\sss{nd} & 3\sss{rd} & 4\sss{th} & 1\sss{st} & 2\sss{nd} & 3\sss{rd} & 4\sss{th} \\ \cline{2-11} \emph{pres.} & \emph{sg} & \emph{1} & port--o & mon--eo & trah--o & aud--io & port--or & mon--e--or & trah--or & aud--i--or \\ & & \emph{2} & port--as & mon--es & trah--is & aud--is & port--aris & mon--e--ris & trah--eris & aud--i--ris \\ & & \emph{3} & port--at & mon--et & trah--it & aud--it & port--atur & mon--e--tur & trah--itur & aud--i--tur \\ \cline{2-11} & \emph{pl} & \emph{1} & port--amus & mon--emus & trah--imus & aud--imus & port--amur & mon--e--mur & trah--imur & aud--i--mur \\ & & \emph{2} & port--atis & mon--etis & trah--itis & aud--itis & port--amini & mon--e--mini & trah--imini & aud--i--mini \\ & & \emph{3} & port--ant & mon--ent & trah--unt & aud--iunt & port--antur & mon--e--ntur & trah--untur & aud--i--untur \\ \cline{2-11} \emph{imperf.} & \emph{sg} & \emph{1} & port--a--bam & mon--e--bam & trah--e--bam & aud--ie--bam & port--a--bar & mon--e--bar & trah--e--bar & aud--ie--bar \\ & & \emph{2} & port--a--bas & mon--e--bas & trah--e--bas & aud--ie--bas & port--a--baris & mon--e--baris & trah--e--baris & aud--ie--baris \\ & & \emph{3} & port--a--bat & mon--e--bat & trah--e--bat & aud--ie--bat & port--a--batur & mon--e--batur & trah--e--batur & aud--ie--batur \\ \cline{2-11} & \emph{pl} & \emph{1} & port--a--bamus & mon--e--bamus & trah--e--bamus & aud--ie--bamus & port--a--bamur & mon--e--bamur & trah--e--bamur & aud--ie--bamur \\ & & \emph{2} & port--a--batis & mon--e--batis & trah--e--batis & aud--ie--batis & port--a--bamini & mon--e--bamini & trah--e--bamini & aud--ie--bamini \\ & & \emph{3} & port--a--bant & mon--e--bant & trah--e--bant & aud--ie--bant & port--a--bantur & mon--e--bantur & trah--e--bantur & aud--ie--bantur \\ \cline{2-11} \emph{fut.} & \emph{sg} & \emph{1} & port--a--bo & mon--e--bo & trah--am & aud--i--am & port--a--bor & mon--e--bor & trah--ar & aud--i--ar \\ & & \emph{2} & port--a--bis & mon--e--bis & trah--es & aud--i--es & port--a--beris & mon--e--beris & trah--eris & aud--i--eris \\ & & \emph{3} & port--a--bit & mon--e--bit & trah--et & aud--i--et & port--a--bitur & mon--e--bitur & trah--etur & aud--i--etur \\ \cline{2-11} & \emph{pl} & \emph{1} & port--a--bimus & mon--e--bimus & trah--emus & aud--i--emus & port--a--bimur & mon--e--bimur & trah--emur & aud--i--emur \\ & & \emph{2} & port--a--bitis & mon--e--bitis & trah--etis & aud--i--etis & port--a--bimini & mon--e--bimini & trah--emini & aud--i--emini \\ & & \emph{3} & port--a--bunt & mon--e--bunt & trah--ent & aud--i--ent & port--a--buntur & mon--e--buntur & trah--enter & aud--i--enter \\ \cline{2-11} \emph{perf.} & \emph{sg} & \emph{1} & port--av--i & mon--u--i & trax--i & aud--iv--i & portatus sum & monitus sum & tractus sum & auditus sum \\ & & \emph{2} & port--av--isti & mon--u--isti & trax--isti & aud--iv--isti & portatus es & monitus es & tractus es & auditus es \\ & & \emph{3} & port--av--it & mon--u--it & trax--it & aud--iv--it & portatus est & monitus est & tractus est & auditus est \\ \cline{2-11} & \emph{pl} & \emph{1} & port--av--imus & mon--u--imus & trax--imus & aud--iv--imus & portati sumus & moniti sumus & tractus sumus & auditus sumus \\ & & \emph{2} & port--av--istis & mon--u--istis & trax--istis & aud--iv--istis & portati estis & moniti estis & tractus estis & auditus estis \\ & & \emph{3} & port--av--erunt & mon--u--erunt & trax--erunt & aud--iv--erunt & portati sunt & moniti sunt & tractus sunt & auditus sunt \\ \cline{2-11} \emph{plu.} & \emph{sg} & \emph{1} & port--av--eram & mon--u--eram & trax--eram & aud--iv--eram & portatus eram & monitus eram & tractus eram & auditus eram \\ & & \emph{2} & port--av--eras & mon--u--eras & trax--eras & aud--iv--eras & portatus eras & monitus eras & tractus eras & auditus eras \\ & & \emph{3} & port--av--erat & mon--u--erat & trax--erat & aud--iv--erat & portatus erat & monitus erat & tractus erat & auditus erat \\ \cline{2-11} & \emph{pl} & \emph{1} & port--av--eramus & mon--u--eramus & trax--eramus & aud--iv--eramus & portatus eramus & monitus eramus & tractus eramus & auditus eramus \\ & & \emph{2} & port--av--eratis & mon--u--eratis & trax--eratis & aud--iv--eratis & portatus eratis & monitus eratis & tractus eratis & auditus eratis \\ & & \emph{3} & port--av--erant & mon--u--erant & trax--erant & aud--iv--erant & portatus erant & monitus erant & tractus erant & auditus erant \\ \cline{2-11} \emph{f.\ per. }& \emph{sg} & \emph{1} & port--av--ero & mon--u--ero & trax--ero & aud--iv--ero & portatus ero & monitus ero & tractus ero & auditus ero \\ & & \emph{2} & port--av--eris & mon--u--eris & trax--eris & aud--iv--eris & portatus eris & monitus eris & tractus eris & auditus eris \\ & & \emph{3} & port--av--erit & mon--u--erit & trax--erit & aud--iv--erit & portatus erit & monitus erit & tractus erit & auditus erit \\ \cline{2-11} & \emph{pl} & \emph{1} & port--av--erimus & mon--u--erimus & trax--erimus & aud--iv--emus & portatus emus & monitus emus & tractus emus & auditus emus \\ & & \emph{2} & port--av--eritis & mon--u--eritis & trax--eritis & aud--iv--eritis & portatus eritis & monitus eritis & tractus eritis & auditus eritis \\ & & \emph{3} & port--av--erint & mon--u--erint & trax--erint & aud--iv--erint & portatus erunt & monitus erunt & tractus erunt & auditus erunt \\ \cline{2-11} \end{tabular} \end{sidewaystable} \end{document}